Mineral composition of chromitites of the Apshak area in the northwestern part of the South Kraka massif (the largest representative of the Kraka group ophiolites), which is confined to the northern closure of the Zilair Synclinorium on the western slope of the South Urals, is studied. Most chromitite occurrences are composed of high-Cr spinels (55.0–66.0 wt. % Cr2O3, <12.0 wt. % Al2O3) at a subordinate abundance of Al-enriched spinel (40.3–45.0 (rarely up to 50.0) wt. % Cr2O3, 18.0–28.9 wt. % Al2O3). Serpentine (α-lizardite) is a major interstitial mineral of chromitites. They also contain forsterite, diopside, enstatite, Ca-amphibole (edenite), clinochlore, uvarovite, andradite, fluorstrophite, fluorocafite, Sr-bearing fluorapatite, awaruite, Co-bearing pentlandite, heazlewoodite, millerite, anilite, maucherite, orselite, native copper, perovskite, and barite. Platinum group minerals (PGMs) include Ru-Os-Ir sulfides and sulfarsenides (laurite, erlichmanite, cuproiridisite, and irarsite) and less common Rh arsenides (zaccariniite). The conditions of mineral equilibria between olivine and chrome spinel determined by mineral geothermometers and oxybarometer are estimated at 650–850 °C. Oxygen fugacity (Δlog(fO2)) ranges from +0.1 to +2 possibly indicating re-equilibration of mineral assemblages under subsolidus conditions. Chromitites from serpentinite zones experienced more intense crustal fluid reworking as indicated by the assemblage of secondary minerals (chlorite, garnets, apatite supergroup minerals, alloys, most sulfides, arsenides, perovskite, and barite). Amphiboles in chromitites have ambiguous genesis with a noticeable role of mantle and crust-mantle sources. The mechanism of the formation of PGMs remains controversial. The most possible restitic genesis could be related to the extraction of platinum group elements (PGE) from primary sulfides or during solid-phase redistribution of trace PGE atoms in chromite grains during plastic deformation.
Keywords: chromitites, South Kraka, Apshak area, platinum group minerals, apatite supergroup minerals, uvarovite, andradite, Ru-Os-Ir sulfides and sulfarsenides, zaccariniite.
Funding. This work was supported by state contract no. FMRS-2025-0014.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Author contribution. Shabutdinov T.D. – analysis of mineral spectra, calculation of mineral formulas and T–fO2 parameters, interpretation of results, writing and editing the manuscript; Saveliev D.E. – electron microscopic studies of minerals, formulation of the research idea, definition of objectives, editing the final version of the manuscript; Gataullin R.A. – editing and formatting the final version of the manuscript.
All authors approved the final version of the article before publication.
For citation: Shabutdinov T.D., Saveliev D.E., Gataullin R.A. Mineralogical and geochemical features of chromitites of the Apshak area (South Kraka ultramafic massif, South Urals). Mineralogy, 12(1), 17–43. https://doi.org/10.35597/2313-545X-2026-12-1-2.

Received 28.12.2025, revised 31.01.2026 accepted 11.03.2026

Timur D. Shabutdinov– Junior Researcher, Institute of Geology UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia; timurgeolog11@gmail.com
Dmitry E. Saveliev– Doct. Sci. (Geol.-Mineral.), Chief Researcher, Institute of Geology UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia; savl71@mail.ru
Ruslan A. Gataullin– Junior Researcher, Institute of Geology UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia

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